Calcium, phosphorus and magnesium are vital minerals for bone mineralization. Calcium of marine origin is better assimilated than calcium provided by limestone. Lithothamnion has been shown to increase bone renewal and mineralization after 112 days compared to calcium carbonate from limestone.

Glucosamine is the precursor of many of the constituents of proteoglycans and of hyaluronic acid. In cartilage, hyaluronic acid is bound with proteoglycans and form aggregates which ensure good hydration of this tissue. In the synovial fluid joints, hyaluronic acid has a role of lubricant and chondroprotective agent. It has been shown glucosamine supplementation decreased inflammation while supporting the growth of new cartilage in response to joint trauma in young growing horses when glucosamine was administered for 84 days prior to the injury in question.

MSM also possesses chondroprotective properties. It is a source of organic sulphur which is indispensable to the synthesis of collagen, an abundant protein in cartilage and which gives it hydration, resistance, elasticity and suppleness.

Zinc, manganese and copper are provided in an easily absorbed amino acid chelates form. These trace elements are associated with a number of enzymes which play important roles within the body in the formation of bone and cartilage.

Vitamin D3 participates in bone mineralization, playing a part in regulating the balance between phosphorus and calcium.

In horses, menadione (vitamin K3) has been demonstrated to be the only patented vitamin K that increases the plasma concentration of menaquinone-4, the most effective vitamin K form regulating bone metabolism. Vitamin K contributes to increasing bone volume and strength by stimulating bone formation and reducing bone resorption.